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"Dahlin, Peter"
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Management and information technology : challenges for the modern organization
Information technology has come to play an important role in organizations over the last few decades. Though it began as an entity dealt with by specialists, IT has evolved to become an everyday tool with both operational and strategic impacts. Most modern organizations have adopted different forms of IT, and become dependent on their computer-based information systems and their peripherals for everyday operations. Information technology offers opportunities to increase efficiency, customer value, and competitiveness. Given the financial investment in IT required by organizations to remain competitive, IT has become a resource that needs to be managed. Management and Information Technology evaluates organizations' utilization of IT including knowledge management and e-learning, accounting, and business relationships. Presenting theories to help the reader understand the varying roles IT can occupy in different organizations, this volume illustrates the ways in which IT has become a key strategic tool.
Book
Drivers of cost and time overruns: A client and contractor perspective
Large infrastructure investments are expected to be of sustained value to society for a long time. Such investment projects include, for instance, hospitals, tunnels, sport arenas, power plants, roads, railways, and bridges. They involve a complex organization of contracts and agreements. The client is expected to plan, procure, and determine the critical steps of a project, while the contractor should solve issues raised by the client. Many of these agreements are path-dependent and reflect past routines, experiences, and contacts. As such, many investments tend to return to similar sources instead of replacing routines and collaborations that did not work. This can cause change orders that furthermore reflect consequences such as cost and time overruns. While much is known about these effects in construction projects, this paper sheds light on the drivers of change orders. We build upon a sample of 234 observations responding to a survey on investment planning. The results show that project assumptions are often wrong and inadequate in large investments. Such wrong assumptions are caused by interpersonal and leadership issues, poor planning, or sometimes even intentional profit-seeking. Our results show that clients and contractors have different perceptions and enter contractual obligations differently. The implication is, therefore, that better routines of documentation, more frequent feedback, and more accurate or precise standards may close the gap between planning and what is actually achieved. More precise contractual agreements may also create a better process to procure, manage projects, and allocate resources.
Journal Article
Management and Information Technology
Information technology has come to play an important role in organizations over the last few decades. Though it began as an entity dealt with by specialists, IT has evolved to become an everyday tool with both operational and strategic impacts. Most modern organizations have adopted different forms of IT, and become dependent on their computer-based information systems and their peripherals for everyday operations. Information technology offers opportunities to increase efficiency, customer value, and competitiveness.
Given the financial investment in IT required by organizations to remain competitive, IT has become a resource that needs to be managed. Management and Information Technology evaluates organizations’ utilization of IT including knowledge management and e-learning, accounting, and business relationships. Presenting theories to help the reader understand the varying roles IT can occupy in different organizations, this volume illustrates the ways in which IT has become a key strategic tool.
eBook
Exploring “high tech” and “high touch” interaction capabilities: aligning the IT portfolio with customer and supplier relationships
PurposeTo explore the emergent characteristics of IT portfolios in business-to-business (B2B) firms. The goal is to develop a model that clarifies what interaction capabilities B2B firms develop and to what form of IT this corresponds to.Design/methodology/approachWe apply an a priori conceptual framework that is based on the Industrial Marketing and Purchasing (IMP) Group's theoretical focus on business relationships. The framework depicts the business relationship as dealing with uncertainty and equivocality as well as building and upholding reliance and trust. We utilize a case study approach involving a focal firm and ten of its customers and suppliers. Building on 60 interviews, field observations and archival data, we analyze interviewee responses and the complementary data to evaluate the role of IT in supporting or automated various aspects of organizational relationships.FindingsResults show how “high tech” and “high touch” relate to different interaction capabilities, which firms develop based on the characteristics of their business relationships. Although IT is associated with “high tech” and “high touch” interaction capabilities, some forms of IT are deployed to support the former, while other forms support the later. Both forms of technology-enabled interaction capabilities require investment, and firms must balance investment costs against the value created by improved interaction capabilities.Originality/valueOur findings emphasize the interorganizational perspective (dyadic or network) rather than a solely organizational perspective for understanding IT portfolio development. This perspective is presented through an emergent tech–touch interaction capability model that shows how B2B firms can align their IT portfolio based on the specific characteristics of their business relationships.
Journal Article
Reflection seismic investigations in the Dannemora area, central Sweden: Insights into the geometry of polyphase deformation zones and magnetite-skarn deposits
The Bergslagen region is one of the most ore prospective districts in Sweden. Presented here are results from two nearly 25 km long reflection seismic profiles crossing this region in the Dannemora mining area. The interpretations are constrained by seismic wave velocity measurements on a series of rock samples, cross‐dip analysis, prestack time migration, and swath 3‐D imaging, as well as by other available geophysical and geological observations. A series of major fault zones is imaged by the seismic data, as is a large mafic intrusion. However, the most prominent feature is a package of east‐dipping reflectors found east of the Dannemora area that extend down to at least 3 km depth. This package is associated with a polyphase, ductile‐brittle deformation zone with the latest ductile movement showing east‐side‐up or reverse kinematics. Its total vertical displacement is estimated to be in the order of 2.5 km. Also clearly imaged in the seismic data is a steeply dipping reflector near the Dannemora mine that extends down to a depth of at least 2.2 km. The geological nature of this reflector is not known, but it could represent either a fluid‐bearing fault zone or a deep‐seated iron deposit, making it an important target for further detailed geophysical and geological investigations.
Key Points
Reflection seismic imaging of major deformation zones
Reflection seismic imaging of iron ores
Advanced data acquisition and processing of 2D crooked line data
Journal Article
Reduction of tension effects on partner evaluation
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine how tension management as a means of achieving compromise and overcoming minor conflicts reduces the effects of the opportunism and bargaining costs of relationships on the evaluation of business partners. The paper proposes and tests a theoretical model with a full-information approach using structural equation modeling.
Design/methodology/approach
The data set was based on 312 observations from a unique survey based on a business-to-business relationship sample in Sweden. The measurements reflect the effects of partner opportunism, bargaining costs, and tension management on partner evaluations.
Findings
The findings corroborate that partner opportunism and bargaining costs have a negative impact on partner evaluation. In addition, the model shows that tension management weakens the negative effects of opportunism and bargaining costs on the evaluation.
Originality/value
This study offers evidence on how negative effects are reduced through intervening constructs. With most studies focusing on the positive side of relationships, this paper makes an important contribution to the literature through not only describing negative effects, but also how these can be decreased.
Journal Article
Absorptive capacity, co-creation, and innovation performance
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of absorptive capacity (ACAP) and co-creation on innovation performance (INN).Design/methodology/approach The authors use survey data from Swedish and Norwegian companies (n=1,102) and establish a cross-national equivalence between Sweden and Norway.Findings The subsequent structural model revealed interesting differences. For Sweden, co-creation fully mediates the effect of ACAP on INN, whereas for Norway, ACAP has a direct effect on INN with no mediation. Subsequent regressions including control variables showed that the structural model is reasonably robust. The authors conclude that, despite the many common national features conducive to innovation between these two countries, sufficient differences remain to create substantial variation in the innovation processes.Originality/value The study presents a second-order model of ACAP that permits a unique test of cross-country differences.
Journal Article
Source character, mixing, fractionation and alkali metasomatismin in Palaeoproterozoic greenstone dykes, Dannemora area, NE Bergslagen region, Sweden
The geochemical and isotopic characteristics of metamorphosed Svecofennian maficdykes from the Dannemora area in the NE part of the Bergslagen region in central Sweden wereinvestigated and compared to mafic intrusive rocks in their vicinity. The dykes, with an inferred ageof c. 1860–1870 Ma, are calc-alkaline, sub-alkaline and basaltic in composition and have a mixedsubduction and within-plate geochemical affinity. They are the result of mixing of at least three mantlesource components with similar basaltic major element composition, but different concentrations ofincompatible trace elements. Magma M1 is strongly enriched both in Rare Earth Elements (REE)and High-Field-Strength Elements (HFSE); magma M2 is highly enriched in Large-Ion LithophileElements (LILE, except Sr) with only moderate enrichment in HFSE and REE (particularly low inHeavy Rare Earth Elements); and magma M3 is enriched in Sr and has a flat REE profile. MagmaM3 also has a somewhat more positive (depleted) initial εNd value of +1.8, compared to +0.4 to +0.5 for magmas M1 and M2. The magma evolution was controlled by a mixture of fractionation (mainlyaffecting the compatible elements) and mixing, best seen in the incompatible element concentrationsand the Nd isotope data. The basaltic overall composition indicates little or no wholesale contaminationby upper continental crust, but the dykes have undergone later metasomatic changes mainly affectingthe alkali elements.
Journal Article
Source character, mixing, fractionation and alkali metasomatism in Palaeoproterozoic greenstone dykes, Dannemora area, NE Bergslagen region, Sweden
The geochemical and isotopic characteristics of metamorphosed Svecofennian mafic dykes from the Dannemora area in the NE part of the Bergslagen region in central Sweden were investigated and compared to mafic intrusive rocks in their vicinity. The dykes, with an inferred age of c. 1860–1870 Ma, are calc-alkaline, sub-alkaline and basaltic in composition and have a mixed subduction and within-plate geochemical affinity. They are the result of mixing of at least three mantle source components with similar basaltic major element composition, but different concentrations of incompatible trace elements. Magma M1 is strongly enriched both in Rare Earth Elements (REE) and High-Field-Strength Elements (HFSE); magma M2 is highly enriched in Large-Ion Lithophile Elements (LILE, except Sr) with only moderate enrichment in HFSE and REE (particularly low in Heavy Rare Earth Elements); and magma M3 is enriched in Sr and has a flat REE profile. Magma M3 also has a somewhat more positive (depleted) initial ε
Nd value of +1.8, compared to +0.4 to +0.5 for magmas M1 and M2. The magma evolution was controlled by a mixture of fractionation (mainly affecting the compatible elements) and mixing, best seen in the incompatible element concentrations and the Nd isotope data. The basaltic overall composition indicates little or no wholesale contamination by upper continental crust, but the dykes have undergone later metasomatic changes mainly affecting the alkali elements.
Journal Article